Riveting-machine.



Patented Nov. l2, l90l.

W. SELLERS & W. LEWIS.

RIVETING MACHINE. (Application filed on. 25, 1899.)

5 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

no'ro umc. wAwmoYoN, n. c.

No. 686,352. Patented Nov. l2, [90L W. SELLERS &. W. LEWIS.

RIVETING MACHINE.

(Application filed Oct. 25, 1899.) (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Shut 2.

. i i *1 as i W/T/VESSES: l/VVEA/TOHS J/QJW No. 686,352. Patented Nov. I2, l90l. w. SELLERS & w; LEWIS.

Y RIVETING MACHINE.

(Application filed Oct. 26, 1899.) 4

(No Model.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

WITNESSES: 40 D4? m Patented Nov. l2, l90l. w. SELLERS & w. LEWIS.

RIVETING MACHINE.

(Application filed Oct. 25, 1899.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

m rm

m/mvms *W. SELLERS &. W. LEWIS BIVETING MACHINE.

(No Model.)

(Application filed Oct. 25, 1899.)

Patented Nov. I2, I90l.

5 Sheets-Sheot 5.

v Small Pressure Cylinder.

W/T/VESSES:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM SELLERS AND WILFREI) LEI/VIS, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYL- VANIA, ASSIGNORS TO WILLIAM SELLERS 85 00., INCORPORATED, OF

PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

RlVETlNG-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 686,352, dated November 12, 1901.

Application filed October 25, 1899.

T0 aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, WILLIAM SELLERS and WILFRED LEWIS, of the city and county of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Riveting-Machines, of which improvements the followingis a specification.

Our invention relates to that class of riveting machinery in which the rivet is upset and headed by compressing it between two dies, one of which is movable in and both are supported in the ends of two parallel jaws 'of a length and distance apart adapted to the Work. In such machines one die is usually stationary, while the other is guided toward and from the stationary one. The movable die has been driven by steam-pressure direct or indirect, when it is styled a steam-riveter, by high-pressu re water,when it is styled a hydraulic riveter, and by air, when it is known as a pneumatic riveter. Our invention is more particularly adapted to the last of these forms, although it may be availed of in the others.

In the pneumatic riveter the riveting or movable die has heretofore been driven up by compressed air in a cylinder generally attached outside of the riveter-frame and of a diameter and of a length sufficieut to compress the largest rivet to be driven therewith. This cylinder has never been availed of in this type of riveting-machines as a part of the riveting-frame to transmit tensile, compressive, and torsional strains to which this frame is subjected in driving a rivet, nor has the riveting-frame been so designed that the cylinder can be placed within and made a part of the frame.

It is one object of our invention, therefore, to make the pressure or main cylinder a part of the riveter-frame, and so that the strains to which this frame must be subjected will be largely sustained by this cylinder.

It is a further object to enter-the main piston of such a cylinder inside of its cylinder without detaching any part of the frame of which it forms a part.

It is a further object to locate the main cylinder within the riveting-frame and between the two jaws which support the riveting-dies.

Serial No. 734,734. (No model) Another object is to apply pressure alternately upon both sides of a small draw-back piston, so as to assist in driving the rivet as Well as to draw back the main piston after the rivet has been driven.

Another object is to operate the small piston independently of the main piston, so as to drive up the end of the rivet by the small piston without moving the main piston and complete the operation by the movement of the main piston, whereby the stroke of the main piston will be diminished and its cylinder may be shortened.

A further object is to admit pressure upon the small piston only until its forward movement is definitely retarded by the resistance of the rivet, the pressure to be then automatically admitted to the main piston, when the rivet will be driven by the pressure upon both pistons.

A further object is to admit air-pressure behind the main piston until the rivet is driven and cut off the supply of air whenever the desired pressure has been reached, so as thereby to limit the pressure upon the driven rivet.

A further object is to provide a piston-rod common to both pistons, the small piston fixed upon one end thereof, the main piston to move freely thereon in one direction, but to grip the piston-rod when moved in the opposite direction.

A further object is to hold the main piston at the rear end of its cylinder during the advance of the driving and draw-back piston and its piston-rod.

It is a further object to adjust the packing between the main and the draw-back pistons from the open end of the main cylinder.

The means by which these several objects are accomplished are set forth in the following specification and are shown in the accompanying drawings, which form part of the specification, in which similar letters refer to similar parts.

Figure 1, Sheet 1, represents a side elevation of our riveting-machine, showing the stationary and the movable riveting-dies, the main cylinder, and the driving and draw back cylinder as forming an integral part of the riveterframe, and the opening in the sides of frame to admit the piston of the main cylinder also, the pipe for admission of airpressure to the stop-cock, the pipe from stepcock to draw-back end and to driving end of that cylinder, and to the valve which regulates admission to main cylinder and limits the final pressure therein. Fig. 2, Sheet 2, shows a vertical section of the main cylinder and its piston, the driving and draw-back cylinder and its piston, the piston-rod common to both pistons, the stuffing-box for this rod between the two cylinders, the device in main piston for gripping the piston-rod, the stuffing-box for piston-rod outside the main piston and in elevation, and the connection between this red and the movable die. Fig. 3 is an end View of the hub of main piston, Fig. 2, with the outside stuffing-box removed. Fig. 4 Sheet 3, shows the same parts as in Figs. 1 and 2; but the main cylinder and the driving and draw-back cylinder are shown removable from the riveting-frame. Fig. 5, Sheet 4, is an end elevation at the movable-die end of the riveting-frame. Fig. 6 is an end elevation of the riveting-frame opposite that in Fig. 5. Fig. 7, Sheet 5, is a verticalsection, to an enlarged scale, of the valve and stopcock shown in Fig. 1.

The riveting-frame, Fig. 1, is composed of two opposing jaws A and B, united at their base by the two members A B, in the space between which and uniting the same is the cylinder 0, which cylinder is perpendicular to the jaws A and B. When the machine is in operation, the member A is a tensile member and the member B is acompressive member. The driving and draw-back cylinder D and the main cylinder 0 have their axes in the same line, are joined together end to end, and, with the riveter-frame, form a homogeneous mass. The cylinder 0, Fig. 2, is open at the end farthest from the driving and drawback cylinder D, and between the two cylinders is a head E, which closes that end of cylinder 0 and partially closes the end of cylinder D. The opposite end of the cylinder D is closed by a cover F, securely bolted to a flange around that end of the cylinder. The two cylinders are properly bored to the desired diameter, the head E inside the cylinder D and its opposite side are dressed true, and at the same time the opening through the head E is bored to receive one end of the stuifing-box G, which is bolted to the head E at this point. The main piston O, which enters the cylinder G through the triangular opening formed by the open end of the cylinder, the diagonal brace W, and the outer member of the frame, which the brace N joins, is provided with a hub, which enters the opening through the head E, and on the opposite side is a stuifing-box H, similar to G, which is bolted to the hub of the piston O, as shown in the enlarged view, Fig. 2. The hub of the main piston 0 between these two stuffing-boxes is planed to receive the taper wedges a (L a a, Figs. 2 and 3. The sides of these wedges are planed parallel longitudinally, and their inner edges are wedgeshaped transversely to fit the grooves in the piston-rod I, as shown in Fig. 3. One end of this piston-rod is turned down to receive the piston D, which is secured thereon by the round nut Z), sunk in the piston, while the other end is turned down to fit the sliding block J, in which it is locked by the set-screw c, the inner end of which enters a groove in the piston-rod and holds it securely longitudinally, while it permits the end of the rod to rotate freely in the block .I. Between the sliding block J and the piston D the pistonrod is grooved wedge-shaped, as shown in section in Fig. 8, to fit laterally'the taper wedges a a a a. The end of the stnfiing-box H next the piston C is provided with a spiral spring a opposite each longitudinallytapering wedge, the tension of which is sufficient to produce a slight initial pressure upon the wedge-surfaces in the piston-rod I and in the hub of the piston C. When air-pressure is admitted behind the piston C, the piston will move forward and compress the wedges against the piston-rod, so that if the piston-rod were immovable in that direction it would prevent further movement of the piston C whatever the pressure within breaking limits that was behind it. If air-pressure is admitted behind the piston D, the piston-rod will be forced through the piston 0 without movingit, because the friction of the taper wedges in the piston-rod will relieve the pressure between them and the piston G on the outer edge of the wedges.

So long, therefore, as the air-pressure is exerted behind the piston D the piston-rod will be pressed forward by this piston alone; but if at any time in this forward movement of the piston-rod the air-pressure is admitted behind the piston O the rod will be gripped by the wedges and pressed forward by the combined pressure upon both pistons. Assuming now that the piston-rod I has completed its forward movement, if the air-pressure is admitted in front of the piston D and that behind both pistons is opened to the exhaust both pistons will be drawn back until the ends of the wedges touch the end of the stuffing-box G, which will release the pressure between the piston O and the piston-rod I, and the piston D and the piston-rod I will then continue their movement alone until the piston D has reached the end of its stroke. The stuffing-boxes G and II are of the usual kind, except that the rotatable collars (Z and e and nutf of Gand the base hand rotatable collar 2' of H must be cut out to fit the crosssection of the piston-rod I (shown in Fig. and the nutj of H must fit around the out-- side or circular part of the piston-rod. The object of this is to enable the nut j to be rotated for setting the packing by the hexagonal projection on its outer side, as is custom-- ary. The nutf, however, is inside the cylinder D, so that thisnut cannot be reached for any purpose; but by making nut f and they loose collars e d fit the grooves in the pistonrod they will all beturned by rotating the 5 piston-rod I. This will cause the nut f to q advanoeor recede along the outside of the piston makes a convenient wrench for turning the piston-rod and nut f, and for this purpose the piston-rod is allowed to rotate freely in the sliding block J, as hereinbefore described. This sliding block is provided with a vertical rectangular opening in its center, in which is fitted to slide freely a block In, fitted over the cylindrical end of the levc r K, whichvibrates about the f ulcrum-pin L, Figs. 2, 4, and 5. The vibrations of this leveras it is moved-forth and back by the piston-rod I will cause the block it to slide crosswise in the block J. The friction of these sliding surfaces under great pressure would cause the block J to strain the piston-rod, and to obviate this the sliding surfaces are inclined to the axis-of the rod I, so as to cause the block to press agaiustthe guide-bar M in driving the rivet. This bar is bolted securely to the ported by the strut l. The short end of the lever K extends beyond the fulcrum-pin L to pass through the cylindrical barN, which plays freely through the supports m n on the jaw A of the riveter-frame.. The bar N receives and supports the riveting-die n, and the opposing holder-die m is supported by the jaw B of the riveting-frame. The short end of the leverK within the bar N is cylindrical and the side next the dieis provided with a shoe 0, which fits the cylindrical end of the lever K on'one side and the fiat end of the opening throngh the bar N on the other, through which shoe the pressure upon the rivet is transmitted and the vertical movement of the end of the leverK is provided for. The bar N is drawn back by the set-screw p in the outer end of this bar, which is adjusted to an easy fit against that side of the cylindrical end of the lever K.

Fig. 4 shows an arrangement of cylinders separate and distinct from the rivet-er-frame; but in other respects it is the same as in Figs. 1 and 2. As the cylinder 0 is complete in itself, the head E of Fig. 2 is not required. The inclined strut E, Fi 4, is provided with a. cylindrical projection e of sufiicient diameter to admit the cylinder D,and a similar opening is formed in the back end of the riveterframe. These openings are bored true and their outer ends are squared up to receive the cylinder D, the circumference of which is turned true to fit these openings. The cylinder D is provided with a flange at the back end, which is squared up to fit against the outer end of the riveter-frame, the cover F is fitted against this flange, and both are frame, as shown, and its inner end is sup-- secured to the frame by the same bolts, as

is provided with an inwardly projecting flange, to which the stufiing-box G is bolted, and both cylinder and stufiing-box project beyond the cylindrical projection e to support the main cylinder 0. Thisv cylinder is secured to the riveter-frame by bolts tapped into lugs from the inclined strut E along the outside of the cylindrical projection e, as shown in Fig. 6. In other respects the arrangement and operation of theseveral parts are the same as in Figs. 1 and 2. If desired, the cylinder D can be cast with the frame. The cylinderO will then be the onlyone removable, and it can be secured upon the end of cylinder D, as described above. The cockvalve and pipes for the admission of compressed air to the cylinders are shown in Fig. 1, and the cock and valve in detail are shown in Fig. 7. The mode of operating the cock by hand and automatically is shown in Fig. 1. The lever P is mounted upon a projecting end of the fulcrum-pin L, Fig. 5, on which it can be vibrated freely. The upper end is con-' nected by the rod q to the lever Q on the cock R. The other end is widened out to allow an arc-of-a circle slot to be formed therein, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 4, and 5. In the side of 'shown. The opposite end of the cylinder D the lever K next the lever P a pin r is fitted,

which projects through an opening in the side of the riveter-frame and into the circular slot in the lever P, the slot being of such length that the pin-will come in contact with the end of it at the point where it is desirable to shut otf theair on the return stroke of the pis ton D.

To start the machine, the operator pushes the upper'end of the lever P toward the cock R, which will cause the riveting-die to advance and drive the rivet, after which the lever P is pushed in the opposite direction to withdraw the riveting-die, and in this movement the lever K, through the pin 1', will operate the lever P to cut off the supply of air to the draw-back cylinder. The means for determining the admission of air to the main cylinder 0 and for limiting the final pressure in that cylinder are comprised in the valvecase S. (Shown in Fig. 7.) The air-pressure is admitted to the cock R by the pipe a and behind the pistons D and O by the pipe 0". This pipe passes directly to the rear end of the cylinder D and bya branch pipe 01 to the valve-case S, from which the pressure passes by the pipe e to the main cylinder. The

valve-case S is provided in the order of airflow with the exhaust-valve F, the valve g, and the valve h, all of which are pressed against their seats by spiral spriugs,of which that for F is light to slightly more than balpredetermined tension.

- upper end of the lever P toward the cock R,

skill orcare in the operator.

pressure in the main cylinder reaches any To drive a rivet, the operator pushes the and in so doing he turns the valve 1) to admit the pressure to the pipe 0'', which has two outlets, one behind the piston D and the other to the valve-case S. The eifect will be to cause the piston Dto move forward and close the riveting-die against the end of the rivet. This will cause the pressure to rise in the pipe 0', which will first cause the valve F to rise against its seat, lifting the valve 9 and slightly compressing the springabove it. This spring should be adjusted to allow the valve g to rise at a pressure not greater than the minimum pressure admitted to the'main cylinder from the source of supply. This pressure will be promptly reached after the riveting-die has been closed against the head of the rivet. When the valve g rises, the pressure will be admitted behind the'main. piston C, which will then grip the piston-rod I and force it forward under the combined pressure of the two pistons O and D.

The body of the valve g is much larger than its seat on the exhaust-valve F. The pressure which will raise it ofi its seat will then be exerted over a much larger area and will force the valve g against the cover-plug 2",

leavinga free passage for the air to the main cylinder. After the rivet has been driven the upper end of the lever 13 is pulled away from the cock R, which will rotate the valve 1) to admit pressure to the opposite side of the piston 1) and open the other side to the exhaust. This will drive the piston D back and carry with it the main piston G, the air from which latter will be expelled through the exhaust-valve F, which will be pushed away um behind it which would hold it in place until air-pressure was admitted. Closing the main cylinder from the admission of air through the'exhaust may be efiected by a quick movement of the valve b to admit pressure to the pipe 0'. This will act upon the exhaust-valve F and close it before the piston I). will commence to move, after which the pressure upon the exhaust-valve F will increase until'thc rivet is driven and the pressures are'reversed. The valve U is therefore provided-to guard against the admission of air behind the main piston C for want of To limit the pressure upon the rivet, the valve h is provided to close an opening from the chamber about the valve to the pipe which carries the air-pressure to the main cylinder 0'.

From the chamber about the valve h is a duct leading into the spring-chamberof the valve 9. The nut T, which surrounds and covers the spring-chamber of the valve h,

forms an abutment against which the plug j fits. This plug has a small stem which passes through the cover-plate of the nut Tand is provided with a thumb-nutk above the coverplate by which the cover-plate can be pinched between the nut and the plug. A pin l in the circumference of the plug enters a vertical groove in the interior of the spring-chamher, about which the nut T turns. The plug can then move freely vertically, but cannot turn in this spring-chamber, and when the thumb-nut k is tightened on the coverplate the nut T is locked, so that it cannot turn about the spring-chamber, and therefore cannot change the adjustment at which it is set. The upper end of the valve-stem of h is turned down to receive a washer k, and between this washer and the plug j a spiral spring is placed, the tension of which can be varied by adjusting the nut T. To limit the pressure upon the main piston C, the pressure on the'valve h is adjusted so that this valve will be raised by the proposed limiting pressure. When this is reached and the valve h is raised, the pressure will flow into the spring-chamber of the valve 9, which will then be balanced, and the spring-pressure above it will immediately close the valve upon its seat in the exhaust-valve F. This valve at this time is closed upon its seat by the pressure under it. The outlet through it is closed by the valve g, which will then have the spring-pressure and the air-pressure over the opening through F to keep it closed, so that no further supply of air can reach the piston O, and therefore the pressure upon it is. limited to that which opens the valve h.

Having thus shown and described the means by which our invention can be successfully worked, what we claim as new, and

desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A riveter-frame, composed of two fixed opposing jaws separated at one end and united at the other end by a compressive member and by a tensile member, in combination with a cylinder between said members, a movable riveter-die carried by one of said jaws and a lever within one of the jaws which transmits the cylinder-pressure to the riveting-die.

2. A riveter-frame composed of two opposing jaws separated at one end and united at the other end by a compressive member and bya tensile member, in combination with an open-ended cylinder between said members and an opening in the side-of the frame, the open end of the cylinder being adjacent to the opening in the side of the frame whereby the piston may be admitted to and removed from the cylinder.

3. In a riveting-machine, a driving and draw-back piston connected with the riveting-die so as to move therewith, a main piston alternately connected with and disconnected from the riveting-die, a pressure-pipe which admits pressure to the driving and drawback piston and to the main piston, and means to prevent the admission of pressure from the pressure-pipe to the main piston until a predetermined pressure is obtained on the driving and draw-back piston.

4:. In a riveting-machine, a driving and draw-back piston connected with the rivetingdie so as to move therewith, a main piston alternately connected with and disconnected from the riveting-die, a pressure-pipe which admits pressure to the driving and draw-back piston and to the main piston, means to prevent the admission of pressure from the pressure-pipe to the main piston until a predetermined pressure is obtained on the driving and draw-back piston, and means to automatically cut off said pressure-supply to the main piston when a predetermined pressure upon it is obtained.

5. In a riveting-'machine, a driving and draw-back piston connected with the rivetingdie so as to move therewith, a main piston alternately connected with and disconnected from the riveting-die, a pressure-pipe which admits pressure to the driving and draw-back piston and to the main piston, and a valve structure, adapted to act at a predetermined pressure on the driving and draw-back piston,controlling the admission of pressure from said pressure-pipe to the main piston.

6. In a riveting-machine, a driving and draw-back piston connected with the rivetingdie so as to move therewith, a main piston alternately connected with and disconnected from the riveting-die, a pressure-pipe which admits pressure to the driving and draw-back piston and to the main piston, and a valve structure, adapted to act at a predetermined pressure, controlling the admission of pressure from said pressure-pipe to the main piston, and a second valve structure, set at a predetermined pressure and controlling a passage from the main piston to the opposite side of the first-mentioned valve structure.

7. In a rivetingmachine, a driving and draw-back piston connected with the rivetingdie so as to move therewith, a main piston alternately connected and disconnected from the riveting-die, an exhaust-passage for the main piston, and means to admit pressure to the driving and draw-back piston alone, and a check-valve, opening outward, in said 6X haust-passage.

8. In a rivetingnnachine a main piston, a driving and draw-back piston and piston-rod common to both pistons, and means for gripping the piston-rod to the main piston at any point in the travel of the piston-rod.

9. In a riveting-machine, a main piston adapted to rotate the driving and draw-back piston and piston-rod, packing between the two pistons, a device for compressing said packing and a connection between said device and the main piston, whereby in the r0- tation of the main piston said device is advanced or retracted.

WM. SELLERS. WILFRED LEWIS. Witnesses:

JOHN L. PHILLIPS, E. R. HARPER. 

